A World of Rhizomes:

Rhizomes are a diverse group of underground stems characterized by their horizontal growth and the presence of “eyes” or buds from which new shoots can sprout. In Malaysia, a multitude of rhizomes play a vital role in traditional cooking.

• Kunyit (Turmeric): The bright yellow kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) is perhaps the most recognizable rhizome. Its earthy, slightly peppery flavor and vibrant color grace countless dishes, from fragrant curries to comforting soups [1].

• Kunyit Putih (White Turmeric): Less common than its yellow cousin, kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) boasts a citrusy, camphoraceous aroma and is often used in desserts and lighter curries [2].

• Lempoyang (Bitter Ginger): Lempoyang (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. officinale) lives up to its name with a strong, pungent flavor. It adds a fiery kick to stir-fries and lends its warming properties to herbal remedies [3].

• Kunyit Bonglai (Cassumunar Ginger): Kunyit bonglai (Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Roscoe ex A.Dietr.) possesses a unique, almost floral aroma and is used in specific regional dishes [4].

• T Ireng (Black Turmeric): T Ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) stands out with its deep blue-black color. While research on its culinary uses is limited, it holds significance in traditional medicine [5].

Beyond the Plate: The Science of Rhizomes:

The popularity of rhizomes in Malaysian cuisine extends beyond their captivating flavors. Scientific research is increasingly revealing the health benefits associated with these hidden heroes. Studies have shown that curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [6]. Similarly, ginger (including lemoyang) has been linked to pain relief and improved digestion [7].

Discovering Rhizomes in Malaysian Cuisine:

While rhizomes themselves might not appear on your plate, their presence is undeniable. Here are some ways they contribute to the symphony of flavors in Malaysian food:

• Spice Pastes (Rempah): The foundation of many Malaysian curries is the rempah, a complex paste traditionally pounded using a mortar and pestle. Rhizomes like turmeric, galangal (lengkuas), and ginger form the aromatic base of these pastes, infusing dishes with depth and complexity.

• Soups (Sup): Soups like sup gearbox (beef tendon soup) and sup sayur (vegetable soup) often simmer with a medley of herbs and spices, including grated or sliced rhizomes. These add a subtle fragrance and subtle heat to the broth.

• Jamu: Jamu, traditional herbal remedies, often incorporate rhizomes for their purported medicinal properties. Temu kunci (finger root) and kunyit (turmeric) are common ingredients in these tonics and postpartum care recipes [8].

Tales from Malaysia’s Heartlands

Venture deep into the heartlands of Malaysia, where lush rainforests whisper ancient secrets and folklore dances on the breeze. Amidst the verdant landscapes of Sabah and Sarawak, rhizomes reign supreme, their storied pasts woven into the very fabric of local culture. Join us as we journey through the realms of myth and legend, uncovering the captivating folklore that surrounds these humble yet mystical underground treasures.

The Legend of Temu Kunci: In the verdant jungles of Sabah, a tale is told of Temu Kunci, the enigmatic “finger root” that holds the key to vitality and renewal. According to folklore, this slender rhizome was bestowed upon the indigenous tribes by the spirits of the forest, who revered it as a sacred symbol of resilience and strength. Legend has it that those who partake of Temu Kunci’s essence are imbued with boundless energy and vigour, able to overcome any obstacle that stands in their path.

The Myth of Halia Bara: Across the rugged landscapes of Sarawak, of Halia Bara, or “red ginger,” echo through the mist-shrouded valleys. In local folklore, Halia Bara is said to possess potent mystical properties, capable of warding off malevolent spirits and bestowing blessings upon those who cultivate it. Tales abound of brave warriors who carried Halia Bara into battle, believing its fiery essence to imbue them with invincibility and courage in the face of adversity.

The Saga of Kunyit Putih: In the highlands of Malaysia, nestled amidst rolling hills and emerald valleys, lies the legend of Kunyit Putih, or “white turmeric.” According to folklore, this ethereal rhizome is imbued with the power of purity and enlightenment, revered by mystics and sages for its ability to cleanse the body, mind, and spirit. It is said that those who seek wisdom and inner peace need only partake of Kunyit Putih’s essence to unlock the secrets of the universe.

The Lore of Lempoyang: In Malaysian folklore, Lempoyang, or “bitter ginger,” occupies a place of honour as a symbol of resilience and endurance. Legend has it that Lempoyang’s sharp, tangy flavour serves as a reminder of life’s trials and tribulations, yet also as a testament to the strength and fortitude of the human spirit. It is said that those who embrace the bitterness of Lempoyang are rewarded with newfound courage and resilience in the face of adversity.

Don’t Judge A Root By Its Cover

Rhizomes may not be the most glamorous ingredient, but beneath their gnarled exterior lies a treasure trove of flavour and potential health benefits. From the fiery whispers of lemoyang to the earthy comfort of kunyit, rhizomes elevate dishes and offer a glimpse into the soul of Malaysian cooking.

Hungry for an experience that goes beyond flavour? Join us on a Culture on a Plate food walk and let the mysteries of Malaysian ingredients unfold before your eyes.

References

1. Turmeric: The golden spice of life, by Bharat B. Aggarwal, et al. (2015) [Academic Journal]
2. White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe): A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties, by Mohd Yusoff et al. (2010) [Academic Journal]
3. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger): A review of its phytochemical and pharmacological properties, by Sadique et al. (2019) [Academic Journal]
4. Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Roscoe ex A.Dietr.: A review of its phytochemical and pharmacological properties, by Sadique et al. (2018) [Academic Journal]
5. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.: A review of its phytochemical and pharmacological properties, by Sadique et al. (2019) [Academic Journal]
6. The biological activities of curcumin, by Hatcher et al. (2008) [Academic Journal]
7. Ginger: An overview of its history, phyto
8. The Legend of Temu Kunci: “An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by the Orang Asli in Kampung Bawong, Perak, West Malaysia.”
9. The Myth of Halia Bara: “Medicinal plants used by the Temuan villagers in Kampung Jeram Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.”
10. The Saga of Kunyit Putih: “Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants among the Malay Villagers in Kampung Tanjung Sabtu, Terengganu, Malaysia.”
11. The Lore of Lempoyang: “Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants among the Malay villagers in Kampung Tanjung Sabtu, Terengganu, Malaysia.”