A Universal Thread
In Malaysia, a country celebrated for its cultural diversity, the snake slithers through myths, architecture, and traditions, uniting perspectives across different communities. As we enter the Year of the Snake (2025) in the Chinese zodiac, it’s an opportunity to examine how this creature, often revered, feared, and misunderstood, has left its mark on our collective heritage. From its transformative symbolism in Taoism to its sacred role in Hinduism, and its practical influence on Malay architecture, the snake’s presence transcends boundaries and offers insights into our shared connections.

The Snake in Chinese Culture
In Chinese astrology, the Year of the Snake celebrates individuals known for their intuition, wisdom, and graceful demeanour. The snake is viewed as a profound thinker and a symbol of renewal, qualities tied to its ability to shed its skin. Taoist philosophy amplifies this imagery, seeing the snake as a creature embodying transformation and balance. These qualities resonate with the broader Taoist ideal of harmony between humanity and nature, reminding us to embrace change as a pathway to personal growth.

Semai Beliefs About Snakes
The Semai, an indigenous community, view snakes as powerful, benevolent beings connected to spiritual practices. Snakes were believed to serve as guniks, protective spirits summoned by shamans during ceremonies.

Pythons, in particular, were thought to have been kings in their past lives, losing their venom due to misdeeds and transforming into tree-dwelling creatures. Their venom was believed to have been transferred to Ipoh trees, which produced the poison used in blowpipe (sumpit) darts.

Hinduism: The Sacred Serpent
Hindu mythology is rich with references to serpents, or nagas, divine beings with a dual nature of protection and power. Among the most celebrated stories is the Samudra Manthan (Churning of the Ocean). In this tale, Vasuki, the king of serpents, was used as the rope for the churning process. The Devas (gods) and Asuras (demons) worked together to churn the ocean to obtain amrita (nectar of immortality). The mountain Mandara served as the churning rod, and Vasuki was coiled around it.

Angkor Wat: Vasuki, the serpent was used as the rope for churning the ocean

Symbolism of Vasuki: Vasuki embodies power and cosmic energy, as well as the duality of life. His role in the churning process demonstrates that both poison (halahala) and nectar (amrita) arise from the same source.

Release of Halahala: During the churning, the immense strain on Vasuki causes him to release halahala, a deadly poison capable of destroying all creation. Lord Shiva intervenes by consuming the poison, which turns his throat blue (Neelkanth)

Beyond mythology, the popular board game Snakes and Ladders has its origins in India. Originally known as Moksha Patam, the game was designed to teach moral lessons, with snakes representing vices and ladders symbolising virtues.

Jain version of the game Snakes and Ladders called Jnana Bazi or Gyan Bazi, Jain Miniature, c. 19th century, Gouache on cloth.

Malay Culture: Practical Considerations
In traditional Malay kampung houses, the practical relationship between humans and snakes is evident. Built on stilts with square pillars, these homes are designed to prevent snakes from slithering upward, ensuring the safety of their inhabitants. This architectural choice demonstrates a harmonious coexistence with nature, acknowledging the snake’s presence while mitigating its dangers.

A Shared Symbol
The snake emerges as a unifying symbol across cultural perspectives. Its journey through Malaysia’s traditions reveals more than myths, it highlights the intersections of belief, practice, and daily life. A reminder that our diverse stories are often more entwined than we realise.